水分胁迫下斑茅3个逆境代谢相关基因表达的实时PCR分析

【研究目的】初步探讨斑茅3个关键逆境适应相关基因在水分胁迫下的表达机制。【方法】已克隆S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸氨基转移酶、甜菜碱脱氢酶3个基因和内参基因的基础上,应用定量PCR技术,对这3个基因在不同胁迫时间下的表达水平进行分析。【结果】斑茅的S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸氨基转移酶基因、甜菜碱脱氢酶基因表达在初期均受抑制,后期表达持续上调,但甜菜碱脱氢酶基因受水分诱导表达较前两个基因明显。【结论】这可能暗示着在斑茅中,脯胺酸和甜菜碱的合成受水分胁迫诱导,而甜菜碱的合成相对脯胺酸和多胺受水分胁迫诱导影响更大。这些研究为斑茅抗旱的分子机制提供初步的理论基础。     

溶菌酶对鸡全蛋液乳酸菌发酵性能的影响

研究以保加利亚乳相菌和嗜的热链球菌作为发酵剂。笔首先测定了鸡全蛋液中的溶菌酶活力，然后研究了溶菌酶对试验用乳酸菌发酵性能的影响，不同杀攻方法对鸡全蛋液中溶菌酶失活率及鸡全蛋液乳酸菌发酵性能的影响。     

乳酸菌—生香酵母菌发酵饮料营养成分分析及质量检测

阐述了乳酸菌—生香酵母菌发酵饮料的研制过程，并分析了原料、发酵汁和产品的营养成分及其保健功能．     

The effects of fermentation and adsorption using lactic acid bacteria culture broth on the feed quality of rice straw

To improve the nutritional value and the palatability of air-dried rice straw, culture broth of the lactic acid bacteria community SFC-2 was used to examine the effects of two different treatments, fermentation and adsorption. Air-dried and chopped rice straw was treated with either fermentation for 30 d after adding 1.5 L nutrient solution(50 m L inocula L–1, 1.2×1012 CFU m L–1 inocula) kg–1 straw dry matter, or spraying a large amount of culture broth(1.5 L kg–1 straw dry matter, 1.5×1011 CFU m L–1 culture broth) on the straw and allowing it to adsorb for 30 min. The feed quality and aerobic stability of the resulting forage were examined. Both treatments improved the feed quality of rice straw, and adsorption was better than fermentation for preserving nutrients and improving digestibility, as evidenced by higher dry matter(DM) and crude protein(CP) concentrations, lower neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and NH3-N concentrations, as well as higher lactic acid production and in vitro digestibility of DM(IVDMD). The aerobic stability of the adsorbed straw and the fermented straw was 392 and 480 h, respectively. After being exposed to air, chemical components and microbial community of the fermented straw were more stable than the adsorbed straw.     

饲用乳酸的应用研究进展

乳酸是饲用酸化剂中常见的组成成分,也是应用最悠久的酸化剂之一。文章综述了乳酸的理化特性、消化道乳酸的来源、对哺乳仔猪的重要性以及外源乳酸在畜禽特别是乳仔猪饲料中的应用研究进展等。     

半胱胺对藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响

试验研究了半胱胺(Cs)对藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响。将10只(公母各半)80日龄左右、体重平均为(16.00±0.31)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的藏绵羊断奶羔羊随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),在日粮精料中添加300 mg/(kg·BW)的Cs,隔日添加1次,试验期42 d。正式试验当日及试验第7、14、21、28、35天的7:00、9:00、11:00、13:00、15:00、17:00、19:00、21:00、23:00、1:00、3:00、5:00于颈静脉采血样10 mL,同时采集瘤胃液10 mL,测定瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶的活性和TVFA。检测结果表明,试验组精料中添加Cs使藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃液pH值升高;血清尿素氮浓度降低,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01);瘤胃液总脱氢酶活力提高极其明显(P0.01);整个试验期内,半胱胺对瘤胃TVFA的影响极显著(P0.01)。     

逆境胁迫下苜蓿乙醛脱氢酶基因的表达

为研究苜蓿植株在盐、低温、干旱胁迫下,植株体内的乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）基因表达量的变化,在3种逆境条件下分别取处理0、4、8、12、24h叶片,用荧光定量RT—PCR法测定了ALDH基N的表达量。结果表明,与对照相比,盐胁迫的苜蓿植株叶片ALDH基因表达量随处理时间的不同,表达量有所上升也有所下降;低温胁迫处理的植株叶片ALDH基因随处理时间的不同表达量有升有降;干旱胁迫处理下,对干旱的胁迫处理敏感性很差,表达量很低。     

海鲈游泳续航时间和运动代谢规律研究

为研究海鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)的游泳续航能力和游泳过程中的物质代谢规律,以深水网箱养殖的3月龄海鲈为研究对象,采用游泳续航时间和生化指标作为评测海鲈游泳能力和代谢规律的方法进行了试验。结果显示,海鲈的游泳续航时长为200 min,其续航能力强于大黄鱼而弱于美国红鱼。在游泳过程中,海鲈血糖浓度升高,但差异性不显著(P＞0.05),肌糖原随着时间的增加显著减少(P＜0.05),且肌糖原浓度在海鲈疲劳时接近于0。当鱼接近100%疲劳时,其肝糖原浓度也接近于0;当海鲈以不同疲劳程度游泳时,其肌肉乳酸脱氢酶浓度会显著升高(P＜0.05)。表明海鲈的续航游泳过程伴随着无氧呼吸和有氧呼吸。     

Long-term nutritional effects on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). II. Adaptive response of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets

The influence of long-term administration of high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets were studied in relation to kinetic behaviour of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver and kidney of rainbow trout. In all cases studied, the saturation curves of these enzyme showed typical hyperbolic kinetics without evidence of sigmoidicity. After 30 days of feeding with a high-fat diet (170 g kg^?1), there was a significant decrease in V_max and specific activity (45%) as well as catalytic efficiency (39%) without changes in K_m or activity ratio of hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These changes agree more with a clearly decreased cell concentration than with an inhibition of the pre-existing enzyme. The administration of a high-carbohydrate diet (60 g kg^?1), contrary to what was previously thought, decreased V_max by 21% and specific activity and catalytic efficiency by 30%, without significant changes in the other kinetic parameters of the hepatic enzyme. The kinetic behaviour under these nutritional conditons was due to the rejection of this diet by the fish and thus could be considered a low-feeding situation. On the other hand, no variations in the kinetics of renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found, clearly demonstrating that in this organ, the pentosephosphate pathway showed no adaptive response related to fattyacid and other lipid synthesis. The activity of the renal enzyme was consistently half that of the hepatic enzyme.     

Water quality affects SDH activity, protein content and RNA:DNA ratios in fish (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) raised in ponds of a sewage-fed fish farm

The spatial and seasonal variability of the respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and the protein content were examined in different tissues of fish cultured in three ponds along the effluent gradient of a sewage-fed fish farm. Indian major carp Catla catla (150-230 g) and Labeo rohita (60-190 g) cultured in both the middle and last points of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 1) and (stocking pond 4) and Oreochromis mossambicus (50-160 g), a naturally growing fish of the inlet (facultative pond) and the out let of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 4) were procured every month during the period of January-December, 2005 and were subjected to determination of succinate dehydrogenase activity, total protein, DNA and RNA contents from gill, liver and muscle tissue respectively. The SDH activity of all three test fishes (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) was reduced significantly (ANOVA; P < 0.05) when cultured in SP-4 compared to SP-1 in the case of Catla catla and Labeo rohita and in facultative pond in the case of Oreochromis mossambicus.Conspicuous differences in the SDH activity of fish between the last and first stocking pond or the facultative pond were clearly due to the result of the differences in water quality. There was a direct relationship between SDH activity in gill tissue of any of the fish investigated and ammonia-N concentration of water or water pH. This shows that the respiratory activity of these fishes was strongly affected by the ammonia and pH of water. In other words, this suggests that as the distance from the point source increases, there was a substantial improvement of water quality in the ponds located along the sewage effluent gradient. Evidently, there is a progressive pattern of growth, survival and physiological health of fish and abundance of favorable diversity of food organisms with rich biodiversity.